Musée de la Lithographie
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Lithography
is a procedure of engraving the pencil on the chemical covered surface.
Through this execution the bed becomes a relief. -the method
of engraving by carving wood, used since ancient world |
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Alois
Senefelder is born in 1771 in Prague, actually lived in Munich. After
finishing his law studies he gave himself over to study dramatics and
literature. But he couldn’t find a publisher for his transcriptions, so he
was obliged to spend money in buying a publishing house. But his expenses
were exploding because of plentiful deficient attempts in erasing errors
produced from engraving copper. He reminded
having seen small stones at the waterside of the Isar that should replace the
pumice. The results totally satisfied him. In fact he was thinking of using
them for exercising his writing manner and his attempts in engraving. In 1796
he invented lithography and only three years later it was used by pencil and
fether. |
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Sqeezing machine by Senefelder (in 1797) |
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In 1800
Senefelder presented his « complete descriptions about
lithography » to the patent office in London. The year after lithography
was imported to London by his partner Antoine André and its patent of
importing to france was purchased by his brother Frédéric André in 1802. Lithography
was shown in italy in 1805 at G.Dalli Armi’s. In 1812 denmark was presented
lithography the first time, but actually in 1815 it became famous. In 1818
Senefelder established a studio in Paris and in 1819 he wrote down the
history of the inventing of lithography. The original version was published
in Munich and translated in french several years after. These years
it also took place that early lithographies of Goya could been gazed at. In
1824 the english artist Richard Parkes Bonnington attracted attention with
his artworks in black and white. In france Daumier published his journal
« the charivari » during the revolution in 1830. Senefelder
died in 1834 in Munich. The inscription of his tomb is engraved on a
lithographic stone. The placard invented by Jules Cheret (1836-1933) caught
people’s eyes with the help of Toulouse-Lautrec who painted his early
coloured placards in 1892. |
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Lithography of Toulouse-Lautrec in 1893 (museum of lithography) |
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Lithography
as an industrial sector has prospered since 1900 in france, the so-to-speak
« Belle Epoche », which allowed masterpieces from different kinds
of artificial branches. Due to the rapid procedure in lithography, placards
or etiquettes were enormously created and edited by the commercial
publishers, for instance the textile industry, especially concerning the
north of France. |
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Lithographic stones shown in the museum of lithography in Houplines |
Musée de la
Lithographie – 21, rue Camille Desmoulins – 59116 Houplines
03 20 30 62 34
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